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Species:
Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		Valid Name:
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Parent taxa:             Genus / Family / Order / Superorder / Subclass / Class
Keratella: Brachionidae: Ploima: Pseudotrocha: Monogononta: Eurotatoria 		Taxonomic / nomenclatural notes:
• ?Anuraea aculeata var. brevispina Gosse after Hartmann (1915) [Ref.18754], Keratella hiemalis Carlin after Bartoš (1946) [Ref.11581], Bartoš (1959) [Ref.15330], Kutikova (1968) [Ref.11750], Shah et al. (2016) [Ref.27248], Sharma & Sharma (2018) [Ref.27347]
not Keratella quadrata (Müller) after George & Fernando (1969) [Ref.11612] [=Keratella canadensis Bērziņš]; Keratella quadrata (Müller) after De Manuel (1991) [Ref.12088] [=Keratella valga (Ehrenberg)]
• Polymorphic species with a number of sub- and infrasubspecific taxa of uncertain taxonomic status. Probably represents a complex of cryptic species with narrower geographic ranges and/or ecological tolerances!
Nomenclatural status:
name in current use 		Species group name declinable:
yes 		Validity:
valid 		Taxon Rank:
Species 		Availability:
available
Original Combination:
Brachionus quadratus 		Original Spelling:
Brachionus quadratus 		Latest Revision:
Koste, W (1978): Rotatoria. Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von Max Voigt. Überordnung Monogononta. 673, 234 pls.
Page last modified on: 20.01.2020 by C.D. Jersabek
Original description
 
Müller, O F (1786): Animalcula infusoria fluviatilia et marina, quæ detexit, systematice descripsit et ad vivum delineari curavit.
p.354, pl.49, figs.12,13
Müller, O F (1786): Animalcula infusoria fluviatilia et marina, quæ detexit, systematice descripsit et ad vivum delineari curavit. p.354, pl.49, figs.12,13
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Literature documentations
 
Weber, E-F (1898): Revue Suisse de Zoologie 5
sub Anuraea aculeata var. brevispina Gosse
Weber, E-F (1898): Revue Suisse de Zoologie 5
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Ahlstrom, E H, 1943 Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History80
Althaus, B, 1957 Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg6 
Altindag, A, 2000 Turkish Journal of Zoology24 
Altindag, A;M Sözen, 1996 Turkish Journal of Zoology20 
Bartoš, E, 1946 Časopis Národního musea, oddíl přírodovědný115 
Carlin, B, 1943 Meddelanden Lunds Universitets Limnologiska Institution5 
Chengalath, R;C H Fernando;M G George, 1971 University of Waterloo Biology Series2 
Chung, C E;H B Yoo;S Y Kim, 1992 The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology8 
De Manuel, J, 1990 Limnetica6 
De Manuel, J, 1991 Verhandlungen der internationalen Vereinigung für Limnologie24 
De Smet, W H;G Melone;D Fontaneto;F Leasi, 2015 Fauna d'Italia50 
Donner, J, 1954 Österreichische Zoologische Zeitschrift5Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Donner, J, 1978 Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement52 
Hartmann, O, 1915 Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien65 
Jersabek, C D, 1996 Berichte der naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereinigung Salzburg11
Jersabek, C D, 1996 Berichte der naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereinigung Salzburg11Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Jersabek, C D;E Bolortsetseg, 2010 Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia159Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Klement, V, 1957 Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg112 
Koste, W, 1976 Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen4 
Koste, W;J Poltz, 1984 Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen11 
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Anuraea aculeata var. divergens Voigt, 1902 no nomenclatural status
Anuraea aculeata vulgata Morozov, 1915 CHECK
Anuraea aculeata Ehrenberg, 1832 junior subjective synonym
Anuraea quadridentata Ehrenberg, 1838 junior subjective synonym
Keratella quadrata f. araneosa Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural status
Keratella quadrata f. baicalensis Gaigalas, 1958 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxon
Keratella quadrata f. klementi Voigt, 1957 no nomenclatural status
Keratella quadrata f. reticulata Carlin, 1943 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxon
Keratella quadrata var. adnata Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural status
Keratella quadrata var. frenzeli (Eckstein, 1895) junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxon
Keratella quadrata var. longispina (Thiébaud, 1912) junior subjective synonym
Keratella quadrata var. platei (Jägerskiöld, 1894) junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxon
Keratella quadrata neali Bērziņš, 1961 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxon
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Displaying items 1 - 13 of 13
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Keratella quadrata f. araneosa Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural statusFormanot available
Keratella quadrata f. baicalensis Gaigalas, 1958 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxonFormaavailable
Keratella quadrata f. klementi Voigt, 1957 no nomenclatural statusFormanot available
Keratella quadrata f. reticulata Carlin, 1943 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxonFormaavailable
Keratella quadrata var. adnata Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural statusVarietasnot available
Keratella quadrata var. brevispina f. gossei Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural statusFormanot available
Keratella quadrata var. frenzeli (Eckstein, 1895) junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxonVarietasavailable
Keratella quadrata var. longispina (Thiébaud, 1912) junior subjective synonymVarietasnot available
Keratella quadrata var. platei (Jägerskiöld, 1894) junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxonVarietasavailable
Keratella quadrata var. pyriformis f. hutchinsoni Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural statusVarietasnot available
Keratella quadrata var. pyriformis Ahlstrom, 1943 no nomenclatural statusVarietasnot available
Keratella quadrata var. tropica f. aspina Fadeev, 1927 no nomenclatural statusFormanot available
Keratella quadrata var. tropica f. reducta Fadeev, 1927 no nomenclatural statusFormanot available
Keratella quadrata dispersa Carlin, 1943 name in current useSubspeciesavailable
Keratella quadrata jakutica (Rylov, 1935) name in current useSubspeciesavailable
Keratella quadrata neali Bērziņš, 1961 junior subjective synonym of nominotypical taxonSubspeciesavailable
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Displaying items 1 - 16 of 16
IUILocality(sorted ascending)
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Attersee
Open water / Lake, freshwater (ultraoligotrophic)07.06.1999CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Aubauer Badesee (Badesee Plankenau)
Open water / Pond, freshwater07.08.2012CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
var. frenzeli
F
 
Baga Nuur
Open water (littoral) / Lake, freshwater08.09.2006Expedition, Literature / - / Published Information2052
L
 
Böndlsee
Open water / Lake, freshwater02.07.2018CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Bürmooser See
Open water / Pond, freshwater (eutrophic)18.08.2009CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Chorchoi Nuur
Open water (littoral) / Pond, freshwater22.07.2005Expedition, Literature / - / Published Information4
L
 
Douglas Lake
- / Lake, freshwater15.05.1938Collection / - / Specimen preparations2048
C
 
Ebinger Badesee
Open water / Pond, freshwater (hypertrophic)30.08.2019CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Egelsee (Kleiner)
Open water / Pond, freshwater (dystrophic)23.09.2015CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Fuschlsee
Open water / Lake, freshwater (oligotrophic)23.04.1997CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Gasthager pond
Open water / Pond, freshwater19.08.1988CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Golfplatz Zell am See, Teich am Golfplatz
Open water / Pond, freshwater04.10.1986CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
var. frenzeli
F
 
Golfplatz Zell am See, Tümpel
Open water / Pond, freshwater04.10.1986CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
var. frenzeli
F
 
Grabensee
Open water / Lake, freshwater (eutrophic)08.04.1997CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Hallstätter See
Open water / Lake, freshwater (oligotrophic)15.11.2010CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Har Us Nuur (A)
Open water (littoral) / Lake, freshwater19.08.2006Expedition, Literature / - / Published Information1
L
 
Heinzer, Badesee
Open water / Pond, freshwater13.08.2003CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Hintersee
Open water / Lake, freshwater (oligotrophic)16.09.2015CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Hinterthal, pond 2 (Florysee)
Open water / Pond, freshwater29.07.1987CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
F
 
Hinterthal, pond 3
Open water / Pond, freshwater29.07.1987CJ unpubl. / - / Unpublished Information, own observations (CJ)1
2 varieties
F
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ANSP 0163 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata var. divergens (Voigt, 1902) 		 females4 
ANSP 0503 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata f. frenzeli (Eckstein, 1895) 		 females6 
ANSP 0520 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata f. divergens (Voigt, 1902) 		 female1 
USNM 19881 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 females3 
USNM 39808 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 females3 
USNM 39813 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata platei Jägerskiöld, 1894 		 female1 
NUM 0016 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 female, lorica3 
CDJ UB052 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 loricae4 
CDJ UB055 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 females2 
CDJ UB156 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) 		 female, lorica2 
AMNH 1199 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata var. adnata Ahlstrom, 1943 		 female holotype
NHM 1917.1.1.601 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Anuraea aculeata var. divergens Voigt, 1902 		 females21 
NHM 61.1972.619 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata var. platei (Jägerskiöld, 1894) 		 females9 
NHM 1935.4.27.338 Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786)
Orig.Id.: Keratella quadrata var. platei (Jägerskiöld, 1894) 		 females8 
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Displaying items 1 - 14 of 14
Geographical Range:
Cosmopolitan.
Macrohabitat:
Lake, freshwater; Lake, freshwater (artificial); Lake, freshwater (eutrophic); Lake, freshwater (meromictic); Lake, freshwater (mesotrophic); Lake, freshwater (oligotrophic); Lake, freshwater (subalpine); Lake, freshwater (ultraoligotrophic); Pond, freshwater; Pond, freshwater (artificial); Pond, freshwater (dystrophic); Pond, freshwater (eutrophic); Pond, freshwater (hypertrophic); Pond, freshwater (mesotrophic); Pond, freshwater (subalpine); Pond, oligosaline; Stream, freshwater;
Microhabitat:
Macrophytes (Myriophyllum); Open water; Open water (littoral); Stream bottom: POM (sand, gravel);
Temperature:
4.30°C to 26.00°C, avg=17.31°C, n=32 		Redox:
-128.00mV to -52.00mV, avg=-105.40mV, n=5
Oxygen:
3.05mg/l to 14.60mg/l, avg=9.63mg/l, n=27 		Conductivity:
122.00µs/cm to 2180.00µs/cm, avg=576.52µs/cm, n=27
Saturation:
28.00% to 177.00%, avg=114.04%, n=26 		TDS:
149.00mg/l to 1100.00mg/l, avg=464.88mg/l, n=8
PH:
6.84 to 9.30, avg=8.04, n=26 		Salinity:
0.01ppt to 1.10ppt, avg=0.41ppt, n=8
Ecology summary:
Euplanktonic in stagnant freshwater, from small pools to large lakes, also in potamoplankton and river estuaries, and occasionally in athalassic saline and coastal brackish waters; permanent and temporary habitats; trophic range ultraoligo- to polytrophic, eurythermic, euryhaline, avoids hypertrophic and strongly acidic conditions (Jersabek & Bolortsetseg, 2010) [Ref.18457].
Food:
 
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Afrotropis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
Australis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
Nearctis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
NearctisNA1 CanadianNorth AmericaCanadaBritish ColumbiaColumbia-Shuswap Regional District
Neotropis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
Orientalis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
Palaearctis- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -- n.s. -
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaKärntenBezirk Spittal a.d. Drau
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaNiederösterreichBezirk Mistelbach
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaNiederösterreichBezirk Mödling
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaOberösterreichBezirk Gmunden
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaOberösterreichBezirk Kirchdorf a.d. Krems
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaOberösterreichBezirk Urfahr Umgebung
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaOberösterreichBezirk Vöcklabruck
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaOberösterreichWels Stadt
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaSalzburgFlachgau
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaSalzburgLungau
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaSalzburgPinzgau
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaSalzburgPongau
PalaearctisP1 EuropeanEuropeAustriaSalzburgStadt Salzburg
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